Brain & nervous system: peptides in published research

ARA-290 (cibinetide)

• Animal Mouse ischemic stroke model (middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion). Published 2024 · PubMed PMID 38488446 ↗
• Animal Rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model; inflammatory cells and cytokine mRNA in the spinal cord. Published 2014 · PubMed PMID 24518674 ↗
• Human Double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 22 adults with sarcoidosis and symptoms of small fiber neuropathy (peripheral nerves). Published 2012 · PubMed PMID 23168581 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels, Kidney & urinary tract, Gut & digestive tract, Eye

BPC-157

• Animal Rats; regional serotonin synthesis rates in the brain were measured by autoradiography. Published 2004 · PubMed PMID 15531385 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels, Liver, Kidney & urinary tract, Gut & digestive tract, Skin, Muscle & tendon, Eye

Cartalax

• Cell culture Human periodontal ligament stem cells in culture; early stages of neuronal differentiation with the AED peptide. Published 2019 · PubMed PMID 30791821 ↗

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DSIP

• Human Double-blind study of sleep in 16 adults with chronic insomnia, measured by polysomnography. Published 1992 · PubMed PMID 1299794 ↗
• Animal Rat focal stroke model (middle cerebral artery occlusion); motor coordination tests and brain tissue. Published 2021 · PubMed PMID 34500605 ↗

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Also listed under: Pituitary & hormone axes

Epitalon

• Animal Anesthetized rats; spontaneous neuron activity in the cerebral cortex was recorded after intranasal administration. Published 2007 · PubMed PMID 17955380 ↗
• Animal Rats under osmotic stress; C-Fos protein in pineal gland cells (pinealocytes). Published 2002 · PubMed PMID 12500171 ↗

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Also listed under: Gut & digestive tract, Reproductive organs & breast

GHK-Cu

• Cell culture Cell culture; copper- and zinc-induced death of central nervous system cells. Published 2024 · PubMed PMID 38599632 ↗

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Also listed under: Skin, Muscle & tendon, Lungs & airways

Klotho (α-Klotho)

• Animal & human Transgenic mice with systemic Klotho overexpression (learning and memory tests, long-term potentiation, synaptic GluN2B), plus a human genetic study of carriers of the KL-VS variant of the KLOTHO gene. Published 2014 · PubMed PMID 24813892 ↗
• Animal Young, aging and α-synuclein transgenic mice given an α-klotho protein fragment (αKL-F) peripherally; cognitive and motor tests and the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. Published 2017 · PubMed PMID 28793260 ↗
• Animal Aged rhesus macaques (nonhuman primates) given a single administration of rhesus Klotho protein, with memory testing; the protein was first characterized in mice (synaptic plasticity). Published 2023 · PubMed PMID 37400721 ↗
• Cell culture & animal Klotho knockout mice (myelin in the optic nerve and corpus callosum) and rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in culture. Published 2013 · PubMed PMID 23365232 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels, Kidney & urinary tract, Muscle & tendon, Bone & cartilage, Eye, Lungs & airways

PE-22-28

• Animal Mouse focal ischemia (stroke) model; the peptide is named mini-spadin in this paper. Published 2019 · PubMed PMID 31325429 ↗
• Animal TREK-1 channel binding in cultured cells, plus mouse behavioral tests such as the forced swimming test. Published 2017 · PubMed PMID 28955242 ↗

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Selank

• Animal Rats; expression of 84 neurotransmission genes in the frontal cortex. Published 2016 · PubMed PMID 26924987 ↗
• Animal Rats given ethanol for 30 weeks; memory tests and BDNF content in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Published 2019 · PubMed PMID 31625062 ↗

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Also listed under: Liver, Gut & digestive tract, Immune system & thymus

Semax

• Animal Rats; BDNF protein levels in the basal forebrain after intranasal application. Published 2006 · PubMed PMID 16635254 ↗
• Animal Rat focal brain ischemia model; genome-wide gene expression in cortex tissue. Published 2014 · PubMed PMID 24661604 ↗
• Human 30 adults in the acute period of ischemic stroke, with EEG and evoked-potential monitoring. Published 1997 · PubMed PMID 11517472 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels

SS-31 (elamipretide)

• Animal Mouse traumatic brain injury model (modified Marmarou weight-drop); mitochondrial measures in brain samples. Published 2018 · PubMed PMID 30224944 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels, Muscle & tendon, Eye

TB-500 (thymosin beta-4)

• Animal Rat embolic stroke model (middle cerebral artery occlusion); neurological tests. Published 2014 · PubMed PMID 25060418 ↗
• Animal Rat traumatic brain injury model (controlled cortical impact over the parietal cortex). Published 2011 · PubMed PMID 20486893 ↗

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Also listed under: Heart & blood vessels, Liver, Skin, Bone & cartilage, Eye, Lungs & airways